ANNALS OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND PERSPECTIVE

Racism and Alienation in Postcolonial Context: A Study of Tariq Rehman’s Short Story “BINGO”

Uzma Munir — 2024-03-29

Referring to the phenomenon of racism and alienation in Pakistani literature, it is first advantageous to examine Pakistan’s Postcolonial democracy. Pakistan was colonized under British rule for 90 years and got its independent recognition in 1947. In 1971, the political and social conflicts fueled the armed forces to start a third war between India and Pakistan. Consequently, East Pakistan (i.e., present Bangladesh) formally separated from West Pakistan. This paper focuses on two major dimensions of postcolonialism i.e., Racism and Alienation, in Tariq Rehman’s short fiction Bingo. Postcolonialism is used as a theoretical framework to postulate the formation and fragmentation of East and West Pakistani nations in 1971. The conventional treatment of colonial hegemony by West Pakistan to East Pakistan is analyzed through the characters of Tajassur and Safeer. The outcome of the hegemonic scenario gives birth to some toxic substances of civil war such as brutality, mass destruction, deprivation, hatred, and family loss, which are couched through the diction and style opted by Tariq Rehman. This study is exclusive in a way that it elucidates the social and emotional estrangement of the Pakistan Military Academy (PMA) towards a minority (i.e., Bengalis) before the independence of Bangladesh. This work further examines the text to mediate all the scenarios of West Pakistan’s power shift from being under British raj to rule over Bengalis. To interpret the orientation and worthiness of data; thematic analysis is used as a more flexible yet influential tool; to discuss the hegemonic foundation after partition in Pakistan

From Silk Road to China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC): A Comprehensive Analysis of Economic, Geopolitical, Socio-cultural and Environmental Landscapes of Pakistan

Anwar Ali — 2024-04-08

The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a transformative infrastructure and economic development project that has garnered global attention. This research paper delves into the historical context of the Silk Road and its resurgence through the CPEC, examining the geopolitical, economic, and socio-cultural implications. CPEC's potential is undeniable, offering economic growth, job creation, and regional connectivity. However, it is not without its complexities, including security issues, political opposition, and environmental impact. The paper concludes by emphasizing that addressing these challenges, promoting transparency, and adhering to sustainable practices are essential to unlock CPEC's full potential and contribute to economic prosperity and regional stability. CPEC's journey from the past to the future symbolizes the enduring power of collaboration, offering valuable lessons for international development and connectivity initiatives. Through a multidisciplinary approach, this paper explores the origins, motivations, challenges, and opportunities associated with the CPEC, shedding light on its potential to reshape regional dynamics and global trade.

Conflict Management Strategies used by Early Grade Teachers: A Qualitative Approach

Misbah Manzoor — 2024-04-16

This study presents the perceptions of teachers and head teachers toward the causes of conflict and effective strategies to resolve the conflict at preprimary schools. The research examined how conflicts are resolved by head teachers and teachers of preprimary schools. Primary data was collected through interviews with 6 head teachers and 20 teachers from purposively sampled preprimary schools. The results of the study revealed that conflicts are healthy for the institutes. Findings show that differences in beliefs between head teachers and teachers, management style, workload, dissatisfaction, lack of staff training, absence of reward systems for teachers, false information, lack of commitment, poor communication, lack of participation in decisions, and favoritism are the key causes that raised the conflicts between principal and teachers of preprimary schools. The research concludes that existing conflicts can be handled in preprimary schools by using the integrating, avoiding competing, compromising, and accommodating strategies.

Keywords: conflict, heads of schools, preprimary schools

Highlighting the Aspects of Women Emancipation and Liberation in Ibsen’s The Dolls House and Hedda Gabler: A Comparative Feministic Approach

Hafsa Qadir Buzdar — 2024-04-23

This research paper aims to investigate the aspects of women liberation and emancipation in Ibsen’s The Dolls House and Hedda Gabler. The Dolls House largely addresses a woman's yearning to forge her individuality and dignity in a world run by men. Review section illustrates the critical comments and reviews of notable literary authors and critics. Feministic and especially a radical feministic approach in The Dolls House and Hedda Gabler by Ibsen illustrates three goals in mind; Nora’s patriarchal struggles with the patriarchal world. To examine the types of conflict Hedda Gabler engaged in when battling over patriarchal worldview and to examine the types of challenges Hedda Gabler had in her battle with the ideology. However, the study uses content analysis to conduct a qualitative investigation with the help of textual references. Finally, the research concludes that Ibsen's unorthodox portrayal of women in one of his most notable social tragedies; The Dolls House & Gabler.

Emerging Role of Green Banking Practices in the Environmental Performance of Pakistan’s Commercial Banks

Abdul Ghaffar — 2024-04-29

From the recent years, researchers and other professional practitioners are emphasizing attention on green banking practices all over the world due to increasing effects on environment by their performances. The objective of this study is to analyze the impact of green banking practices on environmental performance of Pakistan’s commercial banks. Data was collected from the primary source as per the set explanatory research design based on quantitative research methodology. Simple and step wise multiple regression analyses have been performed to test the set hypotheses of this study. Descriptive and reliability analysis have been performed. A sample size of 202 bankers have been selected by using convenience sampling. The results concluded that promotions of e-banking and green policy posed the significant impact on bank’s environmental performance while training of the employees and lack of funds & energy crises remained insignificantly impactful. The main findings of the paper propound the role of banks and government in stimulating environmentally substantial and sustainable policies and technologies as exceedingly salient for increasing bank’s reputation and awareness among customers regarding green banking and positive influence by their practices.